Foods

Lesson questions

• Describe how to prepare a nutrious weekly menu plan.
• Describe how to shop and stock a pantry with an eye to the budget.
• Expain how to prepare and arttractively present a delicious meal.

Lesson

Weekly Menu Plan

By learning how to plan weekly meals and eating meals at home, you can control your portions and avoid eating hidden calories. In addition, eating meals at home tend to be less expensive and higher in nutrients.

How to Plan Meals – Step by Step

1. Get Ideas : When your family is involved in the planning process they'll be more likely to eat what is prepared. It will also be easier to get help with the meal preparation and clean up process if their food preferences are considered. Search for new recipes to get more ideas.
2. Make Your List: Make a list of all the main dishes you want to make, as well as foods that you would like to serve but often don’t due to time constraints or missing ingredients. From these, make a plan for the week of which dishes you will actually cook. List the ingredients that you will need to prepare these meals on a shopping list.
3. Last Step: Finally, check your pantry and refrigerator to see what you may already have on hand, make adjustments to your list and take your list to the store.

Shopping and Pantry stocking

Do:

• Purchase some produce a few days before it should be ripe and some that is ripe already
• Purchase most of your groceries from the perimeter of the store - that's where the freshest, least processed foods are
• Make a shopping list and stick to it
• Look for foods that are in season

Don't:

• Go to the store hungry
• Buy items you know you will be tempted to over-indulge in
• Shop impulsively
• Expect to find every ingredient all times of year

Maintaining an organized pantry offers many advantages for the menu planner. Keeping stocks of bought-on-sale staples lowers food bills and speeds meal preparation.  Always keep staples in the pantry so that you can easily make something for dinner even when you haven’t had time to go to the store. Organize your panty as well so that you can find things quickly. Here is a sample list of things you can easily keep stashed:

• Chicken or vegetable broth
• Beans - a variety
• Pasta - a variety of shapes
• Grains - rice, quinoa, bulgur, cous cous, corn etc.
• Flour - whilte and brown
• Canned tomatoes
  
• Bread Crumbs
• Sugar
• Peanut butter
• A variety of oils and vinegars

There may be other ingredients you like to use often. If so, keep these in mind when stocking your pantry, refrigerator and freezer.

Meal Preparation

Mise en Place

The phrase 'mise en place' (pronounced 'miz on plas') is a French phrase which means 'everything in place' or 'putting in place'. It refers to all the preparation a cook does before starting to cook. It involves collecting all necessary ingredients for your recipe around your work surface (washed and chopped vegetables, cut meats, spices, liquids, dry ingredients, etc.), and gathering all necessary tools. It also encompases preheating ovens and getting out any other kitchen applicances that may be needed (blenders, food processors, etc.). Doing all of this in advance lets you focus on the cooking process instead of running around looking for ingredients while others burn in the pan. You do not necessarily have to put all of the ingredients in separate bowls, but do have them prepared and readily available, on a plate for instance, or in piles on a cutting board (keeping in mind the rules about raw meats!)

Here are some examples to give you an idea of what mise en place can look like:

Meal Presentation

“You eat first with your eyes” - an old saying and the basis for plating in cusine.

Plating is the art of presenting food in a way that enhances and improves the appeal of the food itself. It involves many different aspects of food preparation and presentation, starting with the combination of foods that make up the meal, to how the food is cooked, to the plate that is used to serve it, to how it is arranged on that plate, to the garnish decorating the dish. Complicated presentations usually miss the point and distract from the wholesomeness of the food. Simplicity is best

Basic Plating Concepts

Arrangement: Chefs use white space to strengthen their presentations and so a simple white plate is a good choice.Make sure your serving plates are big enough to let each food item stand out, but small enough that the portions don’t look tiny. If you're serving a protein, starch, and veggies, arrange the three items according to the face of a clock, with starch at 10, meat around 2, and veggies below 9 and 3. Make sure one of the items acts as a focal point on the plate. Center your food and leave the rest clean; that’s the principle of ”white” or “negative” space. White space allows the elements to exist at all and is key to composition. It reinforces the elements of the presentation.

Color: Play with color and texture. Respect natural colors and enhance color by cooking. Small, high contrast elements usually have as much impact as larger, duller elements. For example, if you are serving serving Tomato Soup and Grilled Cheese Sandwiches, a green paper napkin can make this simple meal look really special!

Proportion: A guideline for portion in a meal is vegetables should cover about half of the plate, starch one fourth, and protein one fourth.

Balance: The rule of odds is used in many art disciplines, in particular painting, photography and advertising.  It states that objects displayed in odd numbers seem to bring unity to a composition.  The logic behind this rule is that by displaying, three, five, seven, etc… items instead of even numbers, there is always one item that looks framed by the surrounding ones, which looks harmonious. Even numbers tend to bring symmetry in the composition, which appears less natural. Try plating your food with this idea in mind.

Harmony: Striking a harmony between color, texture, shapes and arrangements form the basis of a stylish food presentation. The food presentation ideas are becoming increasingly flamboyant and artistic but it's best to avoid over-garnishing the dishes. Just be creative in presenting the food. Remember, simple is best.