The following problem and solution is an example of how these projectile motion problems can be solved. Following this example, you will be asked to solve several of this type of problem for your assignment.
A ball is fired horizontally at 15.0 m/s from a vertical height of 40.0 m. How long will it be in the air? How far away, horizontally, will it be when it lands (horizontal range)?
vertical case
ay = –9.81 m/s2
vyi = 0.00 m/s
Δdy = –40.0 m
horizontal case
ax = 0
vxi = 15.0 m/s
the time the ball remains in the air (Δt)
the horizontal range of the ball (Δd)
This might seem like a difficult two-dimensional problem. However, knowing that the vertical motion of the ball is independent of the horizontal motion, the question becomes two separate one-dimensional problems:
To determine the vertical motion with constant acceleration, only vertical information will be required to solve the time of fall.
To determine the horizontal motion with uniform velocity, only horizontal information will be required to solve the horizontal displacement (range).
The equation for vertical displacement can be used to calculate the time of fall.
It takes 2.86 s for the ball to fall.
The equation for horizontal uniform motion can be used to find the range.
Δdx = vxΔt
= (15.0 m/s)(2.856 s)
= 42.8 m
The ball lands 42.8 m from the launch position.
SC 4. Answer practice problem 1 for “Example 2.10” on page 107 of your textbook.
SC 4.
horizontal case
ax = 0
vxi = 30 cm/s
vertical case
ay = –9.81 m/s2
vyi = 0.00 m/s
Δdy = –1.25 m
the horizontal range of the coin (Δd)
Even though the time that the coin remains in the air (Δt) is not asked for, solve for it first so that the range can be determined.
It takes 0.505 s for the coin to fall.
The equation for horizontal uniform motion can be used to find the range.
Δdx = vxΔt
= (30 cm/s)(0.505 s)
= 15 cm
The coin lands 15 cm from the base of the table.
Remember to submit the answers to TR 1, TR 2, TR 3, and TR 4 to your teacher as part of your Module 2: Lesson 3 Assignment.
TR 1. A ball is dropped from a vertical height of 45.0 m. How long will it be in the air? Show your calculations. Verify your answer using the simulation.
TR 2. A ball is launched with a horizontal velocity of 10.0 m/s from a 20.0-m cliff. How long will it be in the air? How far will it land from the base of the cliff? Show your calculations. Verify your answer using the simulation.
TR 3. A ball is launched with a horizontal velocity of 14.0 m/s from a vertical height of 25.0 m. How long will the ball be in the air? How far, horizontally, will the ball move before hitting the ground? Show your calculations. Verify your answer using the simulation.
TR 4. An arrow is fired horizontally from the top of a 50.0-m vertical cliff and lands 120 m away. At what speed was the arrow fired? Show your calculations. Verify your answer using the simulation.