Module 4: Foundations of Trigonometry

 

In Try This 3 you explored what is called the general solution to an equation. A general solution is an expression that represents all solutions when the domain is unrestricted. A common way to write the general solution to the equation 2 cos θ + 1 = 0 is as follows:

 

 

θ = 120° + 360°n, n ∈ I and θ = 240° + 360°n, n ∈ I 

 

Together, these represent all the solutions to 2 cos θ + 1 = 0. 

 

The general solution to tan θ − 1 = 0 can be written as  + nπ, n ∈ I.

 

Equation The General Solution Angles the General Solution Refers To
2 cos θ + 1 = 0 θ = 120° + 360°n, n ∈ I …−600°, −240°, 120°, 480°, 840°, 1200°…
θ = 240° + 360°n, n ∈ I …−480°, −120°, 240°, 600°, 960°, 1320°…
tan θ − 1 = 0  + nπ, n ∈ I

 

Watch and listen to How to Read a Solution.

 

 

This play button opens How to Read a Solution.

 

tip

The number of solutions contained in one rotation of the unit circle is often the number of expressions required in the general solution. An exception to this guideline occurs when solutions are one-half of a rotation apart, as shown in the previous tangent equation.

 

The first diagram shows 60 degrees and 420 degrees in standard position.  The angle 420 degrees is labelled 60 degrees plus 360 degrees is equal to 420 degrees. The second diagram shows 120 degrees and 480 degrees in standard position. The angle 480 is labelled 120 degrees plus 360 degrees is equal to 480 degrees.

The solution to 2 cos θ + 1 = 0 requires two expressions. There is one expression for each unique point on the unit circle.

 

This diagram shows pi divided by 4, 5 pi divided by 4, and 9 pi divided by 4 in standard position. The angle 9 pi divided by 4 is labelled pi divided by 4 plus 2 pi equals 9 pi divided by 4 OR 5 pi divided by 4 plus pi equals 9 pi divided by 4.

 

The solution to tan θ − 1 = 0 can be written as   and  These two solutions are one-half of a rotation, or π, apart so they can be combined to  In degrees, this is 45° + 180°n, n ∈ I.

 

 



textbook

Read “Example 3” on pages 209 and 210 of the textbook. Pay attention to the relationship between the solutions over a particular domain and the general solution.

 

Self-Check 4

 

Complete questions 2, 5.f., 9, 10, and 14 on pages 211 and 212 of the textbook. Answer



glossary
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